Old Man and the Sea - 1081 Words

In the novel The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway uses the literary device of metaphors. Hemingway uses the metaphor of the ocean to symbolize life, and to depict the role that individuals play in life. Hemingway uses the metaphor of the lions to signify people who live their lives as active participants. The tourists in the novel represent the individuals, who in observe their lives and are not active participants. In the novels that Ernest Hemingway writes, he uses metaphors to reflect his life experiences and opinions. The ocean in The Old Man and the Sea is a metaphor, which represents Hemingway s personal view of life. Hemingway believes that in life everyone must find their own niche and uses the metaphor of the ocean and the†¦show more content†¦What s that? she asked a waiter and pointed to the long backbone of the great fish that was just now garbage waiting to go out with the tide. Tiburon, the waiter said, Shark. He was meaning to explain what dare grapp le happened. I didn t know sharks had such handsome tails. I didn t either, her male companion said. (page 109) these two tourists who speak are hardly differentiated from the group to which they belong. They are all metaphors for individuals who are spectators of the human scene rather than participants in its activity. They see, but they see without fully comprehending. They are only faintly curious, only passingly interested, only superficially observing, they have not been initiated into the mysteries that Santiago understands. These tourists live their lives as tourists, skimming the surface of life, without resolution or clarity. Their life reflects that of all people who live their lives ashore, who dare not grapple with the mysteries of the ocean, or of life. This is the type of life that Hemingway always tried to avoid, to the point of his taking his own life. Hemingway uses metaphors to reflect his opinions of life and the people that he has met in life. The metaphor o f the sea symbolizes all of life and the roles that people must choose to have in life. The lions are a metaphor for theShow MoreRelatedThe Old Man And The Sea1154 Words   |  5 PagesThe sea in a way is like a living being. The way it rhythmically carries itself, showing all of its majestic beauty. The sea has such power, each wave coordinately smashing against whatever stands in its way. Sea erosion, most commonly known as coastal erosion, is the slow process of wave action constantly shaping and reshaping the coastlines of our world. In The Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway portrays nature as a continuum-an endless progression of the invention and destruction which is ultimatelyRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea1561 Words   |  7 Pages The Old Man and The Sea is more than a book about a fish and an old man, it teaches us strength and never giving up on ourselves. The Old Man and The Sea is written by Ernest Hemingway about Santiago, The Old Man . Hemingway is a writer known for his iceberg themes in his novels, where ten percent of its message is what you read and the ninety percent is hidden. That ninety percent is up to interpretation. My interpretation is Hemingway’s The Old Man and The Sea he expressesRead MoreThe Old Man and the Sea900 Words   |  4 PagesThe Old Man and the Sea is a short, but rich novel about an old fisherman who, after eighty-four unsuccessful days in a row, hooks the largest fish of his life. Written by Ernest Hemingway in 1951, and published in 1952, the novel was the last of Hemingway’s novels to be published during his lifetime. The book was praised by critics, and became an immediate success. The story was also awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction, and was a factor in Hemingway winning a Nobel Prize. The story was publishedRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea Essay1718 Words   |  7 Pagesearly to mid 20th century. Known mainly for his success in writing the critically accl aimed novel, The Old Man and the Sea, Hemingway had many symbolic meanings instituted throughout this novel and many other works. Many having the theme of a hero confronting a natural force, as seen when Santiago confronts the mighty sea. Along with the heroic themes, Hemingway had become a religious Catholic man growing up and decided to include many religious references and biblical allusions. Since the beginningRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea1128 Words   |  5 PagesLiterature Analysis 3 The Old Man and the Sea was written by Ernest Hemingway. It was published by the Charles Scribner’s Sons in 1952, and contains 127 pages. The genre is literary fiction. The story is about an old man named Santiago who fishes alone in the Gulf Stream and has been very unsuccessful for the past 84 days. A simple tale, this takes timeless themes of courage of one man’s struggle and personal triumph. The author’s purpose was to write both a realistic andRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea1412 Words   |  6 Pagesboth having completely different writing styles and ideas, seem to have an underlying similarity in how they view leadership and heroism. The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemmingway and Sea of Poppies by Amitav Ghosh both show internal battles and undeniable fate within characters throughout each novel. In The Old Man and the Sea Hemmingway uses Santiago, the old Cuban fisherman, to represent internal transformation, renewed life, triumph, and defeat. Ghosh also represents similar struggles throughRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea1586 Words   |  7 Pageswithin the plot of the novel, The Old Man and the Sea and the motion picture, Life of Pi. In the novel, the old fisherman, Santiago spends a few days out at sea attempting to capture the fish of his dreams. He battles through pain, thirst and hunger in order to bring the Marlin to the shore. However, whi le losing his prey, he gains a priceless experience combined with pride, respect and compassion. On the other hand, the main character in the movie survives at sea for 227 days with a wild animal,Read MoreThe Old Man And The Sea1121 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact on the author of The Old Man and The Sea, Ernest Hemingway. Gertrude, an American novelist, poet, playwright and art collector, served as a mentor for Ernest. The novelist also served as a godmother to Ernest along with her companion, Alice B. Toklas. Ernest Hemingway used his experience with Gertrude in his 1952 book, The Old Man and The Sea. Santiago and Manolin share a relationship similar to Ernest Hemingway and Gertrude Stein. Throughout The Old Man and The Sea, Ernest Hemingway providesRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea1395 Words   |  6 PagesBoth The Old Man and the Sea by Ernest Hemingway and â€Å"To Build a Fire† by Jack London both explore the literary conflict of man verses nature. Both main characters sha re many similarities; however, they also have various differences that set them apart as well. In The Old Man and the Sea the story is about Santiago, an old fisherman who sets out one day and catches the fish of a lifetime. Santiago then spends multiple days fighting the fish in the middle of the ocean. â€Å"To Build a Fire† is about aRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea993 Words   |  4 Pages one Earnest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, is a captivating story about and old seasoned fisherman named Santiago. It is a tale of his epic struggle with the greatest catch of his life after not catching anything for eighty-four days. He face psychological challenges and encounters multiple villains. Santiago is fishing with a young boy named Manolin and the boy leaves the old man to go on another boat. Hemingway explains to us why they boy had to leave the boat. â€Å"But after forty

Hamas Victory Free Essays

The international community should continue with its restrictive policies towards Hamas even after it has recorded huge victories in the Palestinian’s election. Hamas has in the past declared its open hostility principle towards Israel its interests especially in the Middle East. Unless it openly denounces such ideas, it should continue to be treated as a terrorist group. We will write a custom essay sample on Hamas Victory or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hamas is also referred to as the Islamic Resistance Movement. It practices both party politics and militarism. It is its later mission that has seen its branding as a terrorist organization by nations such as United States, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom and Israel amongst others. The European Union has also blacklisted it for exhibiting terrorist tendencies. It is currently having its moment of glory in Palestine having recorded surprise wins in the parliamentary elections that astounded many especially across the western world (Levitt, Matthew, 2006). The history of Hamas dates back to 1987. Its formation is known to have been inspired the Muslim brotherhood, a group reputed to have committed countless terrorist acts towards the Israelis. Hamas is said to have been formed by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin with a sole objective of annihilating the state of Israel and forcing its total withdrawal from the disputed Palestine territory. This is what its charter stipulates. It is credited for having been the mastermind and perpetrator of violence against the Israelis and their interests all over the world, these acts are meted out with impunity only equaled to that of al Qaeda. Together with Al Qaeda, Hamas leads the list of the worst terrorist organizations in the world (James L. Gelvin, 2005). After winning the elections in 2006 and assuming power, it issued a 10 year truce to Israel and vowing to let go temporarily, its suicide missions if the later withdrew from the disputed territories of Gaza, Jerusalem and West bank. This however was not the first truce as again in 2004, it had offered a truce if Israel could totally withdraw from the territories it captured during the Six Days War. This truce however was not held for long as it attacked Israel later in August 2005. Hamas had opted out of the presidential election in 2005 running for the municipal ones where it took control of some important territories. In the parliamentary elections the following year, it was able to garner over 42 percent securing majority seats. Hamas has been accusing Israel of violating the stipulations on the road map that had posited the formation of a Palestinian state, its feud is not limited to Israel only but also to the United States and is ready to wage terrorist attacks against the U.S in 2006 for example, a statement issued by the Hamas officials but later denied, urged the Muslims to target America and its interests all over the world, accusing it of providing financial and logistic support to the Israelis. Hamas officials though, have never owned up to any attack against the United States or to any other country apart from Israel (Lynfield, Ben, December 27, 2004). Its Democratic election into power has thrown a spanner in the works complicating relations with major powers in the world as well as the neighboring countries in the Middle East. Major countries in the western world have always branded Hamas as a terrorist organization. Japan for instance froze all Hamas properties within its jurisdiction in 2005. Jordan has in turn outlawed it due to its terrorist activities. All this animosity is directed to a political and terrorist organization that according to polls conducted in 2007 enjoys over 65% of popular support of Palestinians. The wide public support it has received stems from how it has initiated reforms in morale dilapidated country. It is rooting out massive corruption entrenched in the bureaucracy and order is being restored in the disputed territories. The bloody counter retaliations between the Hamas and Israel however continue, with both sides maintaining their hard stance. With grim prospects for a peaceful co existence, the issue of Hamas leadership in the Palestine state remains a headache for the western countries. Hamas has initiated a number of attacks this year killing a handful and maiming many in the region. It has perfected the art of guerilla warfare employing it tactfully against Israel. It is also accused of executions within its file and rank and also against its key rival, the Fattah. The United States however has been categorical in its stand even in the face of possible political realignments in the Palestine state. One state department spokesman said that the United States still maintains Hamas in its terrorist organizations’ list. The election has not changed this unless Hamas denounces its atrocious acts (Michael P. Arena, Bruce A. Arrigo, 2006). It is more than apparent that the United States is dismayed by the results but was quick to praise the temporal peaceful coexistence of people in Palestine. It is interesting to note that the Bush administration was non committal of the elections in Palestine as the prospects of Hamas loosing seemed grim. All this however is in the midst of reports in the media that the United States government together with president Mahmoud Abbas had planned to oust the Hamas leadership from the government. This was in an effort to overturn the gains made by Hamas. Hamas has been largely blaming the United States for funding and arming the Fattah combatants in its bid to water down its recent reigns (Tiebel, Amy, 2007). Some nations in Europe are caught between a rock and a hard place. There is a need to legitimize the democratic process that brought Hamas to power but also these countries are wary of an organization that has been labeled a terrorist group. Europe is divided. Berlin and the United Kingdom are adamant that they will have no relations with the Hamas. Russia however on the other hand welcomed Hamas leaders in Moscow, Turkey has also followed suit. Since its formation in 1987, Hamas has grown massively and seems to have stricken a chord with most Palestinians as evidenced in the latest elections. The greatest supporter of Hamas and financial bankroller is Iran. This is its vocal supporter but it has always denied claims of providing finances as alleged by the United States. The coming to power of the Hamas was met with elation from President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran who vowed to back the country financially. The United States claims that Hamas is funded by some Arab countries as well as private businessmen. Most of these countries maintain anti United States stand and are in support of any group that is likely to maintain hostility against Israel. The elevation of Hamas into power legitimizes the relations that Hamas may have had with those countries (Andersen, Mark, 2004). Iran has vowed to commit funds to help the democratically elected government in Palestine. Most of those countries that support Hamas are doing so on the claims of strengthening democracy and seeing it as a solution to the disputes in Middle East. It is obvious that the coming into power of Hamas has complicated the relations that most nations have had with it. Many are in a dilemma on whether to initiate diplomatic contacts with its members or to deal with the president directly. However putting into consideration what Hamas has always stood for, the stand by America and Germany is the way to go, no negotiations of any sort or diplomatic relations should be instituted until Hamas denounces its acts of terrorism and its stand against Israel. References Levitt, Matthew, 2006. Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad, Yale University Press. James L. Gelvin, 2005. The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War, Cambridge University Press. Lynfield, Ben, December 27, 2004. Hamas gains grassroots edge, Christian Science Monitor. Andersen, Mark, 2004. All the Power: Revolution Without Illusion, Punk Planet Books. Tiebel, Amy, November 27, 2007. â€Å"Analysis: Tough Mideast Bargaining Ahead†, Associated Press. Mark Weitzman, Steven Leonard Jacobs,2003. Dismantling the Big Lie: the Protocols of the Elders of Zion, KTAV Publishing House. . Michael P. Arena, Bruce A. Arrigo,2006. The Terrorist Identity: Explaining the Terrorist Threat, NYU Press. How to cite Hamas Victory, Essay examples

Essay on Collaborative Development Resit

Question: Describe about a Essay on Collaborative Development Resit? Answer: UML Diagrams UML or Unified Modelling Language diagrams are a standard method of modelling the basic design of the software system in order to provide a general view of the overall functionalities of the system. There are different forms of UML diagram which can be used to represent both the structural and the behavioural aspects of the system (Omurca, 2013). Use Case Diagram: Use case diagram defines the structural elements of the system. Generally, in a design document, Use case definitions should be written for all the Requirements of the system. The requirements of a system are represented using a use case model in the Use Case Diagram. The use case diagram for the actors of this case study is given as below. The diagram helps to point out the features of the system and the software requirements (Choi and Han, 2013). Here, the administrator is the primary actor. The arrows signify the communication between the use cases or processes i.e. fundamental requirements of the system. It represents the scenario of the basic functionalities of the software from the point of view of an external observer (de Haan, Vrancken and Lukszo, 2011). The use cases are pointing out what the actor i.e. the administrator has to do and the steps taken by him to perform that specific task. UML Activity Diagram: Activity diagrams define the behavioural aspects of the system. UML Activity diagram can be regarded as a type of flowchart (Liu and Dong, 2011). Through the UML activity diagram the basic dynamic nature of the system is represented. It contains the dynamic process flow of the system software. The graphical representation of the step-by-step process flow includes the basic activities of the system inside the rectangular boxes. The black dot signifies the start of the process and the black dot with a circle around it signifies the end of process or activities. It provides a high-level conceptualization of the overall functionalities of the system (Kuhn and Bergel, 2014). The boxes represent the activities, the arrows point out the direction or the flow of the activities. The diamond shaped figures represent conditions and constraints involved in the work flow of the activities. Critical Evaluation: The current plan of West Midlands Fire Service is to create a new software system which will operate on the idea of Intelligent Remote Monitoring Solution or IRMS to bring command and control approach to a whole new level. The fire service company took the command and control approach to make decision making in a more distributed method. This method implements the conventional idea of command and control centre in more creative ways. Basically, the main objective of this new system is detecting and tackling incident areas and managing and allocating resources in a more efficient way (Choi and Han, 2013). It fully utilizes the facilities of the advancements of present day technologies and networks to communicate with central servers and other connected terminals to handle urgent incidents by tracking the nearest resources available. To achieve this task, they implemented a mapping system which can be useful for tracking and highlighting particular resources around the areas where the incidents take place (Omurca, 2013). The basic functionalities of the implemented system are: Track resources and allocate Ids to each resource Group resources according to their skills Highlight the areas on the map where resources are available Allocate best resource to incidents depending upon the situation Replay the incidents so that a particular individual person can be highlighted and see if they need first aid Hide and show roles that are involved in the incidents Provide debrief and training to tackle incidents properly Add or mark locations where resources are available Communicate to central server the locations containing resources. Version Control System In this particular project they have used the Version Control System technology to implement the functionalities of the administrator and the commanders. The version control system is mainly used where distributed data processing is involved. The mechanism of this system helps to keep track of each and every change made to the source code in order to operate in a distributed environment (de Haan, Vrancken and Lukszo, 2011). This system supports a collaborative development by co-ordinating among the all the versions of the software system. This ultimately helps in sharing a common source code among the software developers. It makes it easier to perform bug fixes and resolve other issues regarding the proper working of the source code (Omurca, 2013). In addition to this the common coding style i.e. the PHP Coding Style has been used to develop the system software as it is plain simple and easy to understand. Moreover, the comment styles help to comprehend the functions of the statements more easily (Liu and Dong, 2011). Problems that have hindered the performance One of the main issues of version control system is that the source code changes very often. As a result the contents also need to be changed. The possibility of loss and damage of shared data can be high while using the version control mechanism to merge the codes (Dwivedi and Clarke, 2012). Moreover, implementing the whole system based on to a large touch screen causes overhead. The implementation of the map and the proper functioning of it, everything solely depends on the availability of networks. Therefore, the performance of the system gets weak whenever there is a problem in the network or whenever there is heavy network traffic. Moreover, due to this system being of distributed type, the communication between the administrators of the central servers and local commanders or clients is completely dependent on availability of internet/ network (Fuller and Millett, 2011). The software system takes full help of GPS or Global Positioning System and Wi-Fi or GSM networks (Global Sy stem for Mobile communication). GPS system operates fully relying on the reception of signals by radio. Thus satellite failure or radio interference can cause huge troubles in the communication process. On the other hand, malfunctioning of the Wi-Fi networks can hinder the performance of the overall system. Issues encountered during collaboration and communication The issues that can most possibly be faced regarding communication and collaboration in this software system are: Refresh function in the map was not coordinating properly. The information panel had some difficulties to display updated information. The display button had encountered some problems and was not functioning properly previously. The mechanism used to implement radius around the fire-affected area was not working properly. The features used for operation of fire-fighter, area manager and watch manager in the map were not always matching the ranks. The resources that are found and marked in the location on the map need to be communicated directly to the central server (Liu and Dong, 2011). Moreover, there were some issues regarding the database connection and synchronization of log in and other database information. Communication with the database developers had to be organised in order to solve the problems. In addition there was some issue with the communication among the coders as there a communication dysfunction in the gitlab (de Haan, Vrancken and Lukszo, 2011). The communication is generally carried out virtually with the help of networks. Thus network infrastructure needs to be strong enough to support the communication process (Hinsen, 2013). Moreover, the collaboration development through the help of version control approach encounters some difficulties due to the different coding style and approaches of the software developers located in different places. Often there are cases when the role of a particular person involved in an incident is not clear (Kuhn and Bergel, 2014). In those cases replaying the whole incident also does not help sometimes. Way to deal with the issues By centralization of the distributed platform, sharing of important with the clients or customers is possible in a timely manner (Leon, 2000). This in turn helps them to gain insight to the project and collaborate in the process. If the software developers and coders can work from a common station and the sharing and merging of their codes are done effectively based on reliable communication strategies then there will be fewer problems which might crop up. The utilization of the communication platforms such as base camp which was used can be optimized for maximum productivity and minimum errors (Liu and Dong, 2011). Communication and proper co-operation are very important factors when it comes to managing a new system over a network. One way to resolve the problem of communication is make the information available in proper stations. Moreover the system can be managed in such method so that in a conceptual perspective or from the point of view of the customer/client the platform is a centralized location. Explanation of what can be done differently In order to get rid of the issues that were faced during the development of the software system, some of the actions can be taken in a different approach. The database connection problems can be resolved by adapting the best practices of database management using PHP applications. The open methods and close methods of database connectivity have to be performed correctly by the database administrators and database users taking care of the overhead that might be caused (Kuhn and Bergel, 2014). Moreover, the adaptation of embedded Ethernet could bring in positive changes and improvements to the system. Otherwise the adaptations of Midlands Fire Service Company are quite appropriate considering the nature and type of system they attempted to develop (Choi and Han, 2013). The version control system boosts up the performance to a great extent as the customer demands are easier to be met by keeping history of all the software versions and track the source codes. Thus bug fixes and other issues can be solved quicker and more efficiently (Morioka, Oinaga and Nakamura, 2011. The issues that generated with the functionalities of fire-fighters and area and watch manager ranks could have dealt with different mechanisms. Instead of using PHP as the common programming language, Java could have been used as there is not much difference and Java provides almost all the facilities that were previously provided by PHP programming language (Liu and Dong, 2011). All though both Java and PHP are very powerful programming language, the major difference is PHP is a server side program whereas Java runs on the client side. Reference List Choi, M. and Han, S. (2013). Remote sensing imageries for land cover and water quality dynamics on the west coast of Korea. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(11), pp.9111-9124. de Haan, J., Vrancken, J. and Lukszo, Z. (2011). Why is intelligent technology alone not an intelligent solution?. Futures, 43(9), pp.970-978. Dwivedi, A. and Clarke, S. (2012). End-user computing, development, and software engineering. Hershey, PA: Information Science Reference. Fuller, S. and Millett, L. (2011). The future of computing performance. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. Hinsen, K. (2013). Software Development for Reproducible Research. Computing in Science Engineering, 15(4), pp.60-63. Kuhn, T. and Bergel, A. (2014). Verifiable source code documentation in controlled natural language. Science of Computer Programming, 96, pp.121-140. Leon, A. (2000). A guide to software configuration management. Boston: Artech House. Liu, Y. and Dong, X. (2011). Research on the IDE of Visual Programming Language. AMR, 219-220, pp.140-143. Morioka, K., Oinaga, Y. and Nakamura, Y. (2011). Control of human-following robot based on cooperative positioning with an intelligent space. Electron. Comm. Jpn., 95(1), pp.20-30. Omurca, S. (2013). An intelligent supplier evaluation, selection and development system. Applied Soft Computing, 13(1), pp.690-697. Safonov, V. (2008). Using aspect-oriented programming for trustworthy software development. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley-Interscience. YIN, H. and YAN, H. (2011). Storage solution to security of embedded remote upgrade. Journal of Computer Applications, 31(4), pp.942-944. Yung, C. (2013). DDMan: A Management System for Distributed Software Development in Cloud Computing Environments. IJEEEE. Dargan, P. (2005). Open systems and standards for software product development. Boston, MA: Artech House. Zhao, Y., Li, Z., Shen, H. and Ma, D. (2013). Development of global specification for dynamically adaptive software. Computing, 95(9), pp.785-816. Choi, M. and Han, S. (2013). Remote sensing imageries for land cover and water quality dynamics on the west coast of Korea. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185(11), pp.9111-9124.

Till Death Do Us Part Essays - Family Law, , Term Papers

Till Death Do Us Part Today, many people believe marriage is almost like dating. Some men and women meet, and before they get to know one another they make the choice to be wed. That is why divorce rate is higher than it has been in history. Divorce is now a popular solution to problems that many American couples have. Most of these problems could easily be avoided if both individuals would communicate with each other. Communication is used to help let opinions about certain subjects be known. Counseling is the best way to get feelings about topics that are of concern out in the open. Counseling does not only help marriages; it also helps people to relieve stress from ordinary and not-so-ordinary life. Many people have counselors, or psychologists, to help them resolve issues about themselves and others. Psychology is not used only for speaking about certain problems someone may have. Sometimes talking about dilemmas will not make them disappear; psychologists, like doctors, can prescribe medication that correct chemical imbalances which might be altering specific emotions. Many times, medication is the only solution to problems that would otherwise become untreated. Another solution to certain difficulties is time. Time has a way of resolving many issues that are of great deal at one time; later these big deals, will not seem so gigantic after all. If couples would wait their disagreements out and listen to each other, many marriages would be life-long relationships, not short-lived flings.

Madame Bovary and Crime and Punishment essays

Madame Bovary and Crime and Punishment essays In the novels Madame Bovary and Crime and Punishment, the authors, Fyodor Dostoyevsky and Gustave Flaubert, use children to reflect the consequences of their parents actions. The authors portray these consequences through the children with the of the purpose of Emma Bovary in Madame Bovary and Marmeladov in Crime and Punishment, learning the lessons of fatherhood and motherhood. Gustave Flaubert uses unique writing style to develop the relationship between children and consequences. Fyodor Dostoyevsky also uses creative style in establishing a link between the two. In Madame Bovary, Flaubert uses his style in revealing Emma Bovarys consequences through her daughter Berthe. After Emmas marriage to Charles Bovary, Emma becomes pregnant. She hopes for a boy, though when she delivers the baby, it turns out to be a baby girl, Berthe. She faints when the baby is born, and soon becomes withdrawn after Berthes birth. Soon after Berthes birth, Emma begins leading a life of infidelity. Berthe suffers from these affairs, with Leon and Rodolphe, later on in her life. She longed for a son. He would be strong and dark, and she would call him George. This idea that she might have a male child was sort of anticipatory compensation for all the frustrations of her past life... Its a girl said Charles, she turned her head and lost consciousness (Flaubert, 1864, p.83). During the life of Berthe, she and Emma never had much of a mother-daughter relationship. Emma does not like being in the presence of Berthe and often pushes her away from herself. Many times Emma had to be reminded that she has a child, by Charles, when she tried convincing him to go on trips and vacations. Emma is self-centered, and therefore does not put Berthe first, nor fulfill what she needs in life. Emma only cares about herself. Berthe, in her little knitted boots, moved uncertainly, trying to reach her mother ...

How to Pass a Lie Detector Test

How to Pass a Lie Detector Test A polygraph test or  lie detector test is designed to analyze physiological reactions to questions to determine whether or not a subject is being truthful. The accuracy of the test has been widely contested by groups including the National Academy of Science, the US Congress Office of Technology Assessment, and the American Psychological Association. Even so, the test is routinely used to screen employment applicants and interrogate criminal suspects. While a person may be told to answer all questions honestly, the test is designed to measure responses to white lies, which means truly honest people run the risk of generating a false positive on the test. Other people may wish to conceal answers to certain questions, whether guilty of wrongdoing or not. Fortunately for them, its not that hard to beat a lie detector test. The first step to passing the test is understanding how it works. How a Lie Detector Test Works A lie detector test includes more than the time spent hooked up to the polygraph machine. The tester will start making observations the instant a person enters the test center. A skilled polygrapher will notice and record nonverbal cues associated with lying, so its a good idea to know your tells. The polygraph machine records breathing rate, blood pressure, pulse rate, and perspiration. More sophisticated machines include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain. Physiological responses to irrelevant, diagnostic, and relevant questions are compared to identify lies. Questions may be repeated two to three  times. The subject may be asked to intentionally lie to help the examiner establish baseline values. The test typically requires one to three hours to complete, including the background assessment, medical history, explanation of the test, actual polygraph, and follow-up. Most Advice Isnt Very Effective The internet is filled with advice on ways to beat a lie detector test, but many of these ideas arent very effective. For example, biting your tongue or putting a tack in your shoe to use pain to affect blood pressure wont affect perspiration levels. Similarly, imagining a lie when telling the truth and imagining the truth when telling a lie wont work because it establishes differences between lies and truth. Remember, differences between the truth and lies are the basis for the test! 2 Ways to Beat the Test Basically, there are two good ways to beat the test: Be completely zen, no matter what youre asked. Note: Most people cant master this.Be completely distraught throughout the entire test. 7 Tips to Try Most people are nervous when taking a lie detector test, whether they intend to lie or not. The physical responses to nerves probably wont fool a lie detector. You need to up your game to simulate feelings of mortal terror. This is because beating the test is all about mind games, which naturally affect physical responses. Here are some tips to try: If you want to beat the test, your best bet is to stay upset, fearful and confused throughout the entire test. The goal is to appear calm and in control, despite the inner turmoil. Remember your worst experience or solve difficult math problems in your heads include, Have you ever taken anything from your workplace? or Have you ever lied to get out of trouble?Alter your breathing during control questions, but return to normal breathing before answering the next question. You can make minor admissions here or not, as you choose. When you answer questions, answer firmly, without hesitation, and without humor. Be cooperative, but dont joke or act overly-friendly.Answer yes or no whenever possible. Do not explain answers, give details, or offer explanations. If asked to expand on a question, reply: What more do you want me to say? or Theres really nothing to say about that.If accused of lying, dont fall for it. If anything, use the accusation as fuel to feel upset and confused. In fact, answering diagnostic questions honestly may have given the examiner conflicting results, so be prepared to be questioned further.Practice any countermeasures before the test. Ask someone to ask you likely questions. Be aware of your breathing and how you react to different types of questions. Keep in mind, applying these tips may enable you to invalidate the test, but wont be much use if youre taking a lie detector test to get a job. In most cases, the easiest way through a lie detector test is to approach it honestly. Drugs That Affect Tests Drugs and medical conditions may affect a polygraph test, often leading to an inconclusive result. For this reason, drug tests and a screening questionnaire are commonly given before a lie detector test. Medications that affect heart rate and blood pressure can affect polygraph results. These include antihypertensives and anti-anxiety medications and also a host of illegal drugs, including heroin, marijuana, cocaine, and methamphetamine. Caffeine, nicotine, allergy medications, sleep aids, and cough remedies may also affect the test. Some Medical Conditions May Prohibit the Test While diagnosed sociopaths and psychopaths may be excluded from the test due to a potential ability to control responses, other medical conditions may prohibit the test. People who have epilepsy, nerve damage (including essential tremor), heart disease, have suffered a stroke, or are extremely fatigued should not take the test. Mentally incompetent people shouldnt take the test. Pregnant women are generally exempted from the test unless a doctor gives written approval. With the exception of mental illness, drugs and medical conditions dont necessarily enable a person to beat a lie detector test. However, they do skew the results, making them less reliable. Sources Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences and Education (BCSSE) and Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) (2003). The Polygraph and Lie Detection. National Research Council (Chapter 8: Conclusions and Recommendations), p. 21.Scientific Validity of Polygraph Testing: A Research Review and Evaluation. Washington, D. C.: U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment. 1983.

Phase 2 Discussion Board Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Phase 2 Discussion Board - Assignment Example Therefore, the demand is inelastic, meaning that a change in price would not significantly affect the quantity demanded. When elasticity of demand is referred to as unitary, this means it equals one and as such, any change in price will have an equal impact on quantity demanded. Price elasticity of demand (PED) refers to change in quantity demanded due to percentage change in price. The value of price elasticity is similar at all points along the demand horizontal curve. The same case applies to price inelastic demand (PID) which is represented by a vertical line. According to Gupta (2008), PED is defined as a measure of responsiveness of quantity demanded to changes in price. Demand is said to be elastic when PED is greater than one. Further, this indicates that consumers are very sensitive to changes in price. One percentage change in price will lead to a drop in quantity demanded by more than one percentage. Similarly, when PED is less than one, it is interpreted that consumers are insensitive to price changes and any increase in price will cause a decline in quantity demanded by less than one percentage. Ideally, the effect of price increase has a significant effect on Autoedge total revenue. As such, PED becomes paramount for the company as it seeks to maximize revenues. In this regard, if Autoedge finds its PED to be relatively inelastic, it may decide to raise prices since the auto parts would be sold at high prices without adversely affecting sales. Similarly, if Autoedge finds its PED to be inelastic, it may choose to lower prices in order to enable the business increase the number of units sold and hence revenue without necessarily losing customers. It is worth noting that when demand is perfectly elastic as represented by a horizontal curve, any increase in price leads to zero units demanded. On the other hand, if the demand is found to be perfectly

Theories of Movement Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Theories of Movement Control - Essay Example According to Schmidt and Wrisberg, there are at least two ways of conceptualizing the term 'motor skill' which can be construed as a talk or an act, where motor skills can be distinguishable along a number of aspects or on the basis of a variety of high-flying characteristics (Schmidt and Wrisberg, 2008). The second way construes to the conceptualization of motor skill in terms of the ability a person delineates while performing a movement. Utley and Astill, in their book, have stated that the motor skills can efficiently be implemented in the brain and nervous system as well and also that they can be improvised (Utley and Astill, 2008). The development in motor skills defines the field of measurement as well as movement, thereby, learning the ways to control movement as a whole. This paper delineates the contrasting nature of both the theories of motor control, i.e. the open-loop and the closed-loop theory, thereby, stating examples which demonstrate the different explanations of hu man coincidence-anticipation performance. In open loop controll... en loop system, the controller output indication is settled on by the input signal from the computer or any other non-essential device. In response to incorrect calculation of the system response, or the affect of some other occurrence in the output signal, the system might turn aside from the desired path. As a result, it is necessary for the controller to assume that each part of the system is at its absolute position and has moved there at the correct pace. No feedback is conceived from the system, which would enable the controller to weigh against the actual position to the programmed position. In such a case, it is not possible for the controller to check and correct himself. Under this kind of a system, it is feasible to incline against the designated positions and paces, and not be able to correct the difficulties. This theory is significant for well-defined systems where the relationship between input and the resultant state can be modeled by a mathematical formula. For example, determining the voltage to be supplied to an electric motor which drives a consistent load, so as to acquire a desired pace can be considered as an appreciable implementation of open-loop control system. However, on the other hand, if the load were not predictable, the motor's pace might vary as an operation of the load as well as of the voltage. As a result, the open-loop controller would not be satisfactory enough to ensure the repeatable control of the speed. To comprehend the open-loop control system, an example of a

Significant Meanings Regarding the Myth of Cronus Essay Example for Free

Significant Meanings Regarding the Myth of Cronus Essay As Hesiod stated in Theogony (126-491), the Titan son, Cronus was born to the Greek God of the sky Uranus, and Gaia, the mother of earth. Cronus had eleven Titan brothers and sisters, and was the brother of three Cyclops, as well as the invincible Hecatonchires. For no particularly defined reason, after each of his children were born, Uranus chose to hide them in the depths of the earth or Gaia. At one point, Gaia devised a plan to free her children, which led to the removal of Uranus from power. In doing so, Cronus was now in control of the throne during the Golden Ages. After doing so, Cronus chose his sister Rhea as his mate. For fear that his promised destiny envisioned him being dethroned by his offspring, much like the fate of his father, Cronus swallowed each of his offspring as they were born, until one day being deceived by Rhea; which allowed his son Zeus to become the new ruler of all. (Pages 60, 67-70). The story about Cronus is one of the most important myths in Greek Mythology as it explains the very basics of human nature, thoughts and desires when combined with greed, overconfidence, and power. Although Cronus strived for everlasting power, and was willing to do anything to stay in control, he may have been emotionally torn in regards to the methods he took. This is stressed repeatedly in the fact that as stated by Morford, Lenardon and Sham in Classical Mythology; most depictions of Cronus show him to be sad or depressed and always with his sickle in hand (Page 70). The fact that he is displayed as sad demonstrates that with all the power in the world, he still is not happy with what he is. The sickle represents the fact that he is continuously on guard against possible actions against him as well as the brute force that he will use in order to retain power. Although not mythical creatures, political figures have allowed this to occur in our recent history. Regardless of their initial reasoning for taking office, at times political leaders get so wrapped up in the power that their office represents that they imprison or slaughter political opponents, and strip certain rights away from citizens due to the aranoia that they face. Modern day examples of this could be seen in countries such as North Korea, Iran and a fragment of the United States population may also claim America is headed in this direction. This demonstrates that regardless of initial motivations, leaders occasionally stray from their natural behavior once they are faced with possible resistance. The harsh actions carried out by Cronus may have also been fueled by the harsh treatment and abandonment that he felt was carried out by his father Uranus. Based on the tactics Cronus carried out once he was in power, it is safe to conclude that he did not necessarily oppose the actions his father carried out as much as he simply opposed the fact that those actions were directed at him, and limited his rise to power. Cronus had every opportunity to become a hero in this story, however due to the fall of grace that he witnessed with Uranus; the idea that he may lose control of his kingdom quickly controlled his actions and turned him into a paranoid villain at the end. It is quite possible that if Uranus as a role model to Cronus chose a different path in regards to handling his power, Cronus may have reacted differently if or when he was given the chance to lead. Another lesson this story exhibits is that regardless of people thinking they know best, human beings more often than not repeat the same mistakes that their previous generations made in the past. As Hesiod stated in Theogony (459-467), there would be negative repercussions for the actions that Cronus was taking, regardless of this, he continued on his path for absolute power (Page 69). Common day examples of this phenomenon can be seen in everyday life. Individual action such as the tragic results of drinking and driving or smoking still take place today, regardless of the fact that we already know the possible long term repercussions of these actions. On a larger scale, it can also be seen with global events such as repeated wars with no foreseen positive outcome. Repeated mistakes and consequences have tainted both our world and Classical Mythology throughout the ages. The fact that Cronus was deceived into believing a simple stone was Zeus as Hesiod stated in Theogony (481-491) displayed that Cronus fell victim to overconfidence regarding his plan to retain control of power, or at the very least was an example a lack of vigilance. (Page 70). Regardless of all the protocols that Cronus was taking in order to retain complete power; one remote instance of carelessness during a critical moment in his life eventually led to his downfall. Hesiod was attempting to demonstrate that regardless of the situation one fines themselves in; you should never be so overconfident that you become complacent. In a time before modern science and vast exploration of the earth, the story surrounding the life of Cronus was a means to clarify the unexplainable negative actions some people make in regards to human nature and society. The classical mythology surrounding Cronus demonstrated missteps, lack of judgment, greed and insecurities that led to his eventual downfall. The actions of Cronus were simply driven by his ambition to gain and retain power. The downfall of Cronus was mostly brought upon by his insecurities as well as greed. Cronus was brought into existence by Hesiod in order to display the insecurities and irrational behaviors of some of those in power. It served as a metaphor at that time, one that is still effective as displayed in politics today. Politics aside, it also served an example of the common evil and greed that is displayed on a daily basis in our world. The rise and fall of Cronus has taught many important lessons that were significant when it was written and the lessons still hold true to this day.

Conflict and Tradition in Things Fall Apart Essay -- Things Fall Apart

Conflict and Tradition in Things Fall Apart The book Things Fall Apart successfully expressed how Chinua Achebe had succeeded in writing a different story. It pointed out the conflict of oneself, the traditional beliefs, and the religious matters of the Africans. Throughout the novel, Chinua Achebe used simple but dignified words and unlike other books, he also included some flashbacks and folktales to make the novel more interesting and comprehensible. Things Fall Apart was about a man named Okonkwo, who was always struggling with his inner fear although he was known for being a strong, powerful, and fearless warior. He feared of weakness, and failure more than the fear of losing and dying and that forshadowing the consequenses he got at the end. Through this man that Chinua Achebe represented the deep and rich human characteristics and the beliefs of one religion to another. The agriculture of the Igbo society was different than other societies of today. Yams were the main nourishment through every meal and they called these yams "the king of crops." Furthermore, people used the yams for every traditional celebration and used kola nuts to offer their "chi" or personal god. These food, as Chinua Achebe had described, sometimes related to or involved with the religion or ancestrial spirits. Sometimes there were certain celebrations for each specific kind of food such as the New Yam Festival. Chinua Achebe used agriculture to express certain characteristics of each festival and celebration of the Igbo society. There was not o... ...hrough this book that Chinua Achebe cleverly described the complexity of each religion and how it affected the African community at that period of time. The death of Okonkwo at the end was unpredictable to the readers because throughout the novel, Chinua Achebe described him as a strong warrior who feared of nothing besides failure and weakness. When Okonkwo committed suicide, he also committed the only thing he feared, and that was weakness. Things Fall Apart was the book about power, strength, sentiment, religion and love; it also contained several dramatic ironies. Although Achebe had written many books and novels, Things Fall Apart was one of his finest work that got listed as the Classic Bestseller. His delicately African style furnished the uniqueness as well as the prominence to the book.

Americans win the War of Independence Essay

Before the first shots were fired in the American War of Independence, very few people gave the Americans (also known as the ‘colonists’ or ‘patriots’) a chance. Britain had a population of 11 million compared to the patriots 2.5 million of whom 20% were slaves. Furthermore Britain had the most powerful navy in the world, an experienced and well-armed standing army of 48,000 men and the support of tens of thousands of loyalists and Indian tribes. Britain also held the economic advantage as they could rely on the profits from the South Atlantic system and the industrial revolution. So at the beginning of the war, an American victory seemed distinctly unlikely for American forces weak and British military and naval power enormous by comparison.[i] Foreign aid obtained by the colonists was extremely important in their victory. In 1776 France extended a secret loan to the colonies and supplied them with gunpowder. These loans of gunpowder were extremely important in enabling the patriots to defeat Britain in the Battle of Saratoga. In February 1778 France and America signed The Treaty of Alliance that stated once France entered the war against Britain, there would be no more treaties before the colonists gained liberty, sovereignty and independence.[ii] The treaty also opened both nations ports to the others commerce and guaranteed French possessions in the New World. Therefore this alliance was very important as it brought optimism and boosted the morale of the patriots. As one soldier from Pennsylvania said, â€Å"There has been a great change in this state since the news from France†. France gave money, supplies and in the last phase of the war, military force. France supplied most of the muskets, bayonets and canons used by the colonists and without French aid it is debatable if they could have won the war. For example at the Battle of Yorktown in 1781, 20 French war ships prevented Cornwallis’ escape and led to the surrender of the British force and the end of the war. Furthermore France’s participation in the war and Vergennes’ (French foreign  minister) influence was a big factor in persuading other countries to join the American war effort. In 1779 and 1780, both Spain and Holland respectively entered against Great Britain and soon after Catherine of Russia organised the League of Armed Neutrality which when threatened by Britain in the early 1780’s, responded by deterring British trade. So foreign aid was a very important factor in America’s victory as it is probable that they did not have the power to defeat the British on their own. The logistics of the war was a second major reason for the American’s victory. Britain encountered many logistical problems in the war which all contributed in some way to its defeat. Howe thought that driving the American army from the battlefield in any area would return that area to loyalty to the crown or at least neutrality. However this was not the case. Britain was only able to control areas that the military occupied so therefore when the army moved it had to abandon the area it previously occupied. As a result when a British force was defeated its only hope was to retreat to a fortified port and so if the navy was not there with its usual overwhelming power, the army would be in serious trouble, as exemplified with the Battle of Yorktown. Another logistical problem was that the British army could not expect supplies from any area it did not occupy and also the areas Britain did occupy were too small to provision the British army.[iii] Therefore they had to be dependent on supplies from Britain but even this was often a major problem as the obtaining of these supplies was held up administratively. The British Treasury and Admiralty did not co-operate with each other to make provisioning efficient or effective. For example in 1776 Admiralty agents insisted that army suppliers be licensed and applications accompanied by exact cargo manifests. Therefore, as ships were loaded at Cork and applications made in London, voyages could be delayed for weeks and sometimes months and as a result hampered the British war effort. Britain also suffered a number of transport problems that further complicated proceedings. In October and November 1775, 36 supply ships loaded with  hundreds of tons of food and supplies left Britain to make sure the 11,000 soldiers, sailors and marines in Boston would have a comfortable winter. However the ships witnessed some of the worst storms of the century and many sunk, were captured or fled towards the West Indies. In the end only 13 supply ships reached Boston by which time most of the food had gone bad.[iv] So therefore transport problems are another logistical problem that contributed to Britain’s defeat. Food that did reach America created another problem for the British, as there were no good means to store or distribute the food. Therefore the food often sat on the ships holding them up when they could have been used for battle or getting more supplies. Logistical problems also hit the British army directly as they could only operate freely as long as the supplies they could carry lasted. Therefore they had to move as soon as they ran out of supplies, even if it was not militarily expedient. So as the army was always moving it could not force an American army to battle, which created a big advantage for the colonists as they could decide when to fight.[v] So overall Britain had to deal with many distribution and communication problems and despite having more supplies than the enemy, because of the above problems this proved to be no advantage. A third major reason for the patriot’s victory revolved around the military strategy of both sides. On three notable occasions Britain made terrible mistakes in battle that contributed massively to their overall defeat. At the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775, Britain went against all accepted military practice by attacking American forces on Breeds Hill, having to go up a steep and grassy hill in the open carrying sixty pound packs whilst the colonists were under cover. Of three British attacks, the colonists won two and Britain suffered a 50% loss of soldiers and didn’t make another offensive for fourteen months. On top of this, the battle seriously strengthened American morale and gave Washington over a year to build an army and prepare for the next battle. [vi] At the Battle of Long Island in 1776 Britain made a massive strategic error of not exploiting their success. The British army had marched unexpected straight into the rear of the colonists and quickly forced a retreat. Britain had thousands of fresh troops available and had the momentum but allowed the colonists to escape from Brooklyn to Manhattan by boat. Therefore Britain lost their best chance of destroying the Continental army, capturing Washington and winning the war.[vii] The final major military mistake by Britain was in 1777 when General Howe’s plan to attack Philadelphia instead of going to Albany to help Burgoyne backfired when the Continental Congress fled Philadelphia. Therefore Burgoyne had to send further supplies and troops to support Howe instead of using them on his way to Albany. Howe underestimated the colonist’s ability to evade the British and made a massive mistake because Burgoyne needed those troops, supplies and Howe’s help at the Battle of Saratoga. In complete contrast, the colonists displayed some excellent tactics and strategies at vital times that proved extremely important in their victory in the war. During the collective battles known as the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, at Fort Stanwix Britain were at first in control. However the patriots sent Hon Yost Schuyler to the fort and he promoted a superstition that caused the Indians to desert the fort and as a result caused the British to retreat to Oswego and abandon their siege. Therefore the great tactics at Fort Stanwix proved vital as the British were previously in a great position in the battle. At Bennington, the patriots played another great trick sending men disguised as loyalists to mingle with British troops. They went to the rear of the British army and when the patriots attacked they turned against the British. So again the great tactics shown by the Americans provided a massive victory and the British suffered huge casualties and loss of supplies that proved significant in the war. A final example of the great tactics used by the patriots was at Freemans  Farm, when American riflemen forced a retreat in the first British assault after shooting from the tops of trees and then in the second assault caused huge losses to Burgoynes army after being situated on a low hill.[viii] This battle carried extra significance as the victory brought an American alliance with France, which as explained before was crucial in the outcome of the war. However, whilst discussing military strategy it is also important to acknowledge the role played by the terrain as a factor for America’s victory. Britain found it difficult to cope with the many rivers and poor roads that they encountered and there were no large open fields where the cavalry could manoeuvre. It was rare to see Britain using whole regiments and disciplined fire across open ground. The territory thus prevented Britain from moving rapidly to surround rebels and from making the most of their superior discipline in formal lines of battle. So therefore Americans benefited from their own familiar terrain. As they did not have the fire discipline or military expertise and skills to fight formal battles, it was suited to their guerrilla warfare type battle techniques. Washington was also crucial to the shape and outcome of the war. By 1777 Washington had fought Howe five times and lost every one, however Washington never lost his army.[ix] He was a big stabilising force and from his militia experience, was excellent at managing an army and keeping it together. As a Southerner, Washington was also vital in bringing southern support into a war that originally was being fought mainly by New Englanders. However most importantly Washington’s tactics on two notable occasions were massive factors in the outcome of the war. First in 1776 at the Battle of Long Island, whilst in serious trouble, Washington enabled an escape for the colonists from Brooklyn to Manhattan by boat. In doing this, Washington prevented Britain’s best chance of winning the war. Secondly in Virginia in October 1781, Washington was influential in leading five thousand French and two thousand American troops across Pennsylvania into Virginia. Washington moved them so fast that Britain didn’t even know  of the Yorktown attack until it was too late. This piece of military mastermind by Washington soon led to a British surrender and subsequently signalled the end of the war. The fourth and possibly final major reason for the American’s victory revolved around the contrasting motivation and passion of the two sides. The patriots were always willing to continue fighting because they had a strong desire to win their independence and loved their homeland. On the other hand British soldiers were not fighting for a cause that directly affected them as they were in a country almost three thousand miles from home. Therefore as the war continued patriot fervour increased whereas British morale went down. In the colonies, the desire to fight the British was never in question. Before the outbreak of war Thomas Paine’s pamphlet ‘Common Sense’ was able to sway public sentiment in favour of complete independence and against King George’s tyranny. During the revolution Paine continued to stir up enthusiasm and patriotism in America with ‘The Crisis’ with comments such as, â€Å"Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph†.[x] Therefore ‘The Crisis’ affected soldiers and civilians in all levels of society, increasing morale, confidence and belief. Paine marched with troops, understood them and kept them fighting under horrible circumstances. Thus, Paine played an important role in the patriot’s victory. Propaganda also played a big role in influencing public opinion. Anti-British cartoons were popular throughout the colonies and influenced the public. The inhumane treatment of American prisoners was a main topic of propaganda and there were many newspapers detailing atrocities by the British; for example, the fact that more prisoners of war died than were killed in action. Therefore the use of propaganda was very influential and turned many loyalists against the British. So overall in conclusion, I have identified four major reasons why the Americans won the War of Independence. Foreign aid from France was vital through their money, supplies and military force. France also helped bring Spain and Holland into the war and without them the colonists would have found it difficult to win. Secondly, Britain suffered many logistical problems including the obtaining and distributing of supplies and also communication problems. With regards to military strategy, Britain made a number of strategic errors and struggled to come to terms with the difficult terrain, whereas the colonists under the influential command of Washington made some excellent tactical decisions in battle. Finally the Americans displayed great motivation and passion to secure victory and independence and never lost their desire to fight. In contrast British soldiers were not directly affected whatever the result of war and this proved crucial. ——————————————————————————– [i] Bonwick, Colin. The American Revolution (Macmillan, 1991) 86 [ii] Henretta, James. America: A Concise History (St. Martin’s, 1999) 147 [iii] Bowler, Arthur. Logistics and the Failure of the British Army in America: 1775-1783 (Princeton, 1975) 239 [iv] Perret, Geoffrey. A Country Made by War (Vintage Books, 1990) 20 [v] Heller, Charles. America’s First Battles: 1776-1965 (Lawrence, 1986) 24 [vi] Perret, 15 [vii] Heller, 31 [viii] Perret, 42 [ix] Leckie, Robert. The Wars of America (Harper & Row, 1981) 179 [x] Perret, 34 Bibliography Bailyn, Bernard. The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. Harvard College, 1967 Bonwick, Colin. The American Revolution. Macmillan, 1991 Bowler, Arthur. Logistics and the Failure of the British Army in America: 1775-1783. Princeton, 1975 Conway, Stephen. The War of American Independence 1775-1783. Arnold, 1995 Heller, Charles. America’s First Battles 1776-1965. Lawrence, 1986 Henretta, James. America: A Concise History. St. Martin’s, 1999 Leckie, Robert. The Wars of America. Harper & Row, 1981 Perret, Geoffrey. A Country Made by War. Vintage Books, 1990

Occupation – Nursing

Nursing is a profession that became really popular for past few years. There are many reasons why people are joining nursing program and why they want to become a nurse. For me it’s a family thing. My grandma and my mother both were nurses, but I also find it interesting myself. I choose this occupation because it ensures good salary, loads of benefits, such as health and life insurance, it’s challenging and it is a job that I’m sure I will derive a great satisfaction. According to U. S.Bureau of Labor Statistics to become a nurse I’ll have to take anatomy, physiology, microbiology, chemistry, nutrition, psychology and other social science courses. I’ll also need clinical experience. There’re three education path that I can choose: a bachelor's degree in nursing, an associate’s degree in nursing, or a diploma from an approved nursing program. I choose to get my diploma first, and then after finding a job, continue my education, and try to get a bachelor degree, to have a better job prospects. Employment of registered nurses from 2010 to 2020 will grow up to 26 percent, which is much faster than any other occupation.Opportunity to find a job in this profession is excellent. As a nurse I can find a job in a medical and surgical hospitals, offices of physicians, home health care services, nursing care facilities. Also I can work with the military, in correctional facilities, or educational services. When it comes to work environment, register nurses spend a lot of time standing, walking, bending a lifting, so back stress is a very common disease. Because nurses are surrounded by patients who have infectious diseases they have to follow strict rules to protect they health.Schedule in a hospital is very flexible, there’re a large variety of shift, so there are a lot of choices to find a schedule that will fit me the best. Also there are many promotion opportunities for nurses. Register nurses begin they work as staff nurses in hospital, but after they build some experience and prove that they can perform well in this job, they can be promoted to more responsible positions. They can become head nurses, they can work in administration, or as university faculty. They can also specialize in one nursing career.For example be a clinical nurse specialist, with average salary $90,000 a year. The salary for me is a big part of a job, it helps me to enjoy it, and gives me motivation to work harder. When you’re paid well you perform good at work. According to U. S. Department of Labor standard salary for a register nurse ranges from $45,040 to $94,720 per year, which gives us hourly wage from $21. 65 to $45. 54. Salary is determined by several factors such as setting, education and work experience. I think for that kind of job this salary is competitive.I also found out that if I need any extra money I can work overtime and holidays which are paid extra. For me it is very important to know th at I can afford things I want, and don’t have to worry that I won’t have enough money till next month. Also good salary is a big part of the job satisfaction, when I’m getting paid well I feel like my work is appreciated. Even though being a nurse for me is much more than a paycheck, providing my family will always be on the first place. The benefits coming from being a nurse are also a big part of why I choose this profession.Because nursing is part of a healthcare business, I can get a very good health insurance for me and my family, as well as dental and vision insurance. It is very important for me, because it protects me financially. I don’t have to worry about any extra expenses, having it gives me peace of mine, and protect me from unexpected medical bills. Nursing is a challenging job, and for me that is another benefit. I always wanted my career to be exciting. In this job you can’t get bored, it’s not a repetitive job, as a nurse I will never know what’s going to happen the next day.I know that this job will keep me constantly excited and give me an opportunity to learn each day. The most important thing why I choose this profession was job satisfaction. For me being a nurse is something to be proud of, it’s a job that I know will be very fulfilling for me. According to U. S Bureau of Labor Statistics â€Å"Register nurses provide and coordinate patient care, educate public and the publicity about various health conditions, and provide advice and emotional support to patients and their family members† I know I will be able to make a direct impact on other people’s lives, I want to feel that my job is making some difference.Also working to help and serve other people will give me this satisfaction. For me nursing is not only taking care of patients and giving them medications, it is way more than that. After spending a lot of time with patients, nurses become part of their family, f or me building that kind of relationship with them it’s what makes this job so important. As a nurse I know that I will be able to provide human element for patients in a hospitals, so they don’t feel left alone, I will have to explain what the doctor is saying so people won’t get confused, or scared by medical terms.Intensive contact with people and unpredictability are things that will make this work very satisfying for me. I know that I will be able to bring some meaningful contribution to people that I will take care of lives. Patients can see how much work and effort nurse put in her work, and they appreciate it. Seeing that people value and respect my work will be the most rewarding thing, and will well worth everything else. I wanted to become a nurse for a long time, I’ve had an interest in a medical fields since high school.The money, benefits and job security are an important part of this occupation, but the most important thing for think the mo st important thing is my desire to help people. It’ll be very rewarding to see that even a little thing that I’ve have done, will have some kind of positive effect on my patients lives. Nursing is occupation that perfectly fits me. It’s a challenging career in which I can learn new things every day and never get bored. It’s much more than just a job, it’ll give me an opportunity to change and save others life. It’s a rewarding career, I look forward to be a part of.

Ethnic and racial identity and adolescent Well-Being The WritePass Journal

Ethnic and racial identity and adolescent Well-Being Bibliography Ethnic and racial identity and adolescent Well-Being Identity is often termed as a way of thinking and analysing about oneself, which usually takes place during adolescence. However some studies have suggested that the development of identity starts with the infant’s discovery of self, which as a result continues throughout childhood. This then eventually becomes the main centre of attention during adolescence, which clearly indicates the importance of understanding ones identity. Similarly understanding the ethnic part of identity is also regarded as a vital task of self discovery. As to why adolescence during the process of understanding their identity they also begin exploring their culture as well as their ethnic background. This article analyses the empirical and theoretical literatures that notifies us about the development of a positive understanding of oneself, mentally as well as ethnically. This article also explores how exploring the ethnic identity affects the mental health of the adolescent. This article also reviews this specific area of study by including research on both behavioural and the psychological outcomes of the adolescent in regards to discrimination, their mental health and the relationship in the midst of the ethnic identity. However the authors have specifically paid more attention to the ethnic identity and the academic achievement of the adolescent. Since these two factors often tend to have a link according to some studies. Similarly this is what Phinney and Kohatsu (1997) have suggested, as they argued that the achievement of a positive ethnic identity can eventually lead to a higher self esteem, better relations with friends and family but more importantly better grades. As during early adolescents some adolescents may often tend to deny any form of interest in their cultural or racial background but they quickly however become more and more aware of it due to conflicts that maybe occurring between their subculture and the dominant culture. As a result of these conflicts  Ã‚   some adolescents begin to develop some form of understanding of their heritage and background. This new knowledge that the adolescent has gained as result can encourage a sense of pride and acknowledgment of their ethnic bac kground. An increase number of research has suggested that adolescents of colour, ethnic identity in actual fact plays a major role in healthy changes that occur in their lives. Rotheran and Phinney (1998) have similarly suggested that ethnic and racial attitudes among the majority of children seem to have come together by about the age of 10 years. According to Rotheran and Phinney (1998) this outlines how important it is to examine and analyse the role that ethnic identity plays in the development of early adolescents. Other research have found that among minorities, at about only one and a half have not explored their ethnicity, about one quarter have been involved in exploring it and finally about one quarter have explored it and were committed to an ethnic identity. Phinney (1992) analysed that the procedure of developing the identity were alike across the three minority groups that the research was based on however particular issues that the each group were facing were very different. As Phinney and Kohatsu (1997) also gathered that unlike most Caucasian adolescents, the minority adolescents feel that they are required to make the decision of what extent their racial or cultural background will be part of their identity. As painful issues regarding ways in which their subculture is identified in society can lead to racism or inequality. This very common during early adolescence where minority adolescents tend to show any interest in their racial or cultural background. Similarly for example a headscarf; this item is often seen as religious as well as a cultural garment where the individual may feel they need to adjust it in order to avoid isolation or discrimination. Instead they may wear a more acceptable head garment or clothing in order to fit in with everyone else. Society is becoming more multicultural and multiethnic and being part of an ethnic group has become an important part of personal identity for most adolescents. During this specific phase or stage in life the adolescents often faces physical and mental adjustments. Arguably this particular stage in life is often associated with substantial number of changes in one’s self. Erikson (1968) and Blos (1962, 1979) both suggested that adolescence is regarded as a major life stage in terms of the formation ones identity as well as the development of the social perspective of life. Erikson (1968) and Blos (1962, 1979) argued that in order for the adolescent to understand the social aspect of their identity they must receive community acceptance for their behaviour.   Erikson (1968) in particular discussed the role intergenerational socialization plays in society. Intergenerational socialization suggests the social interaction between members of different generations.   Erikson (1968) further added that society therefore is required to provide a shared values and interests. This is to prevent the clashing of different values and beliefs but instead this allows those members of different generations to have shared ideas on what norms, values and beliefs are. According to Rotheran and Phinney (1987), they defined ethnic identity as one’s sense of belonging to particular ethnic group. Rotheran and Phinney (1987) also added that becoming a member of a specific ethnic group can somewhat determine the perceptions, thoughts, feelings and attitudes of certain issues regarding society. Rosenthal and Feldman (1992) suggested that because the family equips the child with their first experience as members of a specific ethnic group, it is therefore evident that parent’s have some form of involvement in the adolescents understanding of ethnic identity. Similarly Rosenthal and Feldman (1992) argued that those adolescents, who are confronted with conflicts with their own ethnic identity, may have been facilitated from the parent’s difficulties with the process of accepting their own ethnic identity. With the increased ethnic diversity in society, adolescents as a result are now interacting across ethnic and racial lines within their schools and communities that are a making the differences amongst ethnicity more apparent. As one is more likely to identify how different another’s ethnic identity is. According to Maldonado (1975) ethnic self-identity is a term used to define the combination of race, self image and self concept. It is when one fully recognizes their ethnicity instead of the self image that is based on the views and prejudices of the larger society towards a specific ethnic group. Maldonado (1975) argued that ethnic identity forms from within rather than the stereotypical images society imposes on ethnic identities. However Maldonado (1975) did state that it is important to mention that the stereotypes that are formed by the large society on certain ethnic groups can be a positive addition to the adolescent’s sense of pride or shame regarding their own ethnicity. Maldonado (1975) also insisted that this stereotype formed by the larger society can be the basis for the adolescent recognizing why they are faced with identity conflicts. A number of researchers have modelled what the process of ethnic development includes. Many of these models of ethnic identity and racial identity developments have been based on the work of Erik Erikson (1968). According to Erikson (1968) during the fifth stage of his model, the adolescent’s identity development becomes the primary developmental task in others words the most important part of their development. During this specific time, Erikson (1968) argued that adolescent starts the process of self discovery in many aspects of their life regarding their future, their career, their religious and cultural identity but also their racial and ethnic identity. Whereas Marcia (1980) argued that one views their identity as a structure of beliefs or past experiences regarding their self.   According to Marcia (1980) the better developed the structure of the individual’s identity is, the more able they are in identifying their own strengths and weakness. However the less developed the structure of their identity is, the more confused the individual may seem about their own individuality from others in which instead they may have to rely on outer sources to assess themselves. Furthermore Marcia (1980) regarded identity as a dynamic, not a motionless psychological structure. The way the adolescent’s identity is arranged sets the stage for changes that will continue to occur throughout the adult years until one is content with their identity. Many researchers have disagreed on the use of the terms ethnicity and race. As Marshall (2002) stated that both ethnicity and race are related to one another. However Marshall (2002) argued that ethnicity and race extends further than what is visible amongst specific groups, as this also includes the social history that these groups of individuals have experienced themselves which is different to other groups. This is because for example Afro- American groups are also known for their social history, as most of their ancestors have been part of the slavery this is what is recognisable within their racial or ethnic group other than their skin colour. Some researchers simply refer ethnic identity as a shared view of the world, language, behaviour which can also be associated with the cultural and religious background.   Alba and Waters (1990) analysed that ethnicity is regarded for some as an important factor of identity, in particular those who are from ethnic groups of colour in comparison to those who are from European/ White American backgrounds. Bernal and Knight (1993) also viewed ethnic identity as way of referring to one’s ethnic group membership. Bernal and Knight (1993) observed that ethnic identity is an essential aspect to the way an adolescent views themselves.   In addition to this Bernal and Knight (1993) argued that the ethnic identity of the adolescent is also associated with the feeling of belonging somewhere. Although there is a clear link between ethnic identity and group membership, Cross (1991) examined ethnic identity as not being a categorical variable. However Cross (1991) suggested that ethnic identity is rather a complex, multidimensional construct that is different dependent on what group the adolescent is part of. Races and ethnicity often play significant roles in minority group members self concept since these terms interact with the way society views them as well as the privileges that comes with it.   According to Wakefield and Hudley (2005) those adolescents with unexamined ethnic identities have not explored their ethnic membership group and therefore have very little understanding of issues regarding ethnicity and identity. Although at some point many adolescents may move into finding and searching for their ethnic identity. Contrary to Wakefield and Hudley (2005), some research has shown some disagreement as to what contributes to the developmental progression that occurs during adolescences in regards to ethnic identity. As some argue that when an adolescent has encountered some form of racial or discriminative abuse, this shifts gradually from unexamined ethnic identity to searching for their ethnic identity. However other research suggests that adolescents who live in multicultural societies happen to mature socially and cognitively because they are becoming more aware of their ethnic backgrounds where they then form some kind of desire or interest of understanding it better. Guanipa-Ho and Talley (1991) have both also suggested that ethnic identity is a fundamental component of how an individual functions psychologically.   Since one’s ethnic identity and self identity has proven to be highly influential to their behaviour which is also directly linked to their personality as well as their mental health. Moreover those adolescents who come from ethnic minority backgrounds must develop a positive as well ethnic and racial identity, this is so that they are able to protect and defend themselves against any racial, prejudice and discriminative abuse that still remains in society today. This for example the Black Americans often are viewed by the rest of America as low achievers in schools or involved with crime for instance. However Phinney (1992) analysed that belonging to a certain ethnic minority group doesn’t necessarily predict how high or low one’s self esteem is, whereas it is that sense of belonging that contributes to one’s self esteem. To conclude with, all these different findings agree that a positive and strong ethnic identity contributes to a good mental healthy which also encourages academic achievement.   An increasing number of studies have all suggested that the ethnic identity process determines how well the adolescent does academically but it can also trigger a number of negative factors which includes having low self esteem, getting involved with crime or drugs etc. Overall this article clearly outlines why it is essential that schools promote and encourage same race as well as cross race peer relationships. This is important as adolescents today live in a very diverse and multicultural society so it is important that they are not only surrounded with those people who are from similar as well as different ethnic, in order to prevent discrimination and racism. Bibliography Erikson, E. (1968) ‘Identity: youth and crisis, New York: New York Times company. Phinney, J. (1992) ‘The multi-group Ethnic Identity Measure: A new scale for use with adolescents and you adults from diverse groups’, Journal of adolescent Research, 7, (1), 156-176 Wakefield, W.D Hudley, C. (2005) ‘African American male adolescents’ preferences in responding to racial discrimination: Effects of ethnic identity and situational influences’, Adolescence, 40 (1) 237-256 Phinney, J. Kohatsu, E.L.   (1997) ‘Ethnic and Racial identity development and Mental health, in Schulenberg, J Maggs, J Hurrelmann, K. (ed.) Health risks and Developmental Transitions during Adolescence, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Chemical Properties and Physical Properties

Chemical Properties and Physical Properties When you study matter, youll be expected to understand and distinguish between chemical and physical properties. Physical Properties Basically, physical properties are those which you can observe and measure without changing the chemical identity of your sample. Physical properties are used to describe matter and make observations about it. Examples of physical properties include color, shape, position, volume and boiling point. Physical properties may be subdivided into intensive and extensive properties. An intensive property (e.g., color, density, temperature, melting point) is a bulk property that does not depend on the sample size. An extensive property (e.g., mass, shape, volume)Â  is affected by the amount of matter in a sample. Chemical Properties Chemical properties, on the other hand, reveal themselves only when the sample is changed by a chemical reaction. Examples of chemical properties include flammability, reactivity and toxicity. The Gray Area Between Physical and Chemical Properties Would you consider solubility to be a chemical property or a physical property, given that ionic compounds dissociate into new chemical species when dissolved (e.g., salt in water), while covalent compounds do not (e.g., sugar in water)?

The Dust Bowl and How It Affected Weather Predicting Research Paper

The Dust Bowl and How It Affected Weather Predicting - Research Paper Example This paper therefore seeks to review the effects of Dust Bowl on weather predicting and to examine the technologies that were used. Practical use of weather predicting Structured weather reports were maintained following the discovery of instruments to measure atmospheric conditions in early in the 17th century. Certainly these initial reports were used mostly by those people who were involved in farming activities. As noted by Lutgens, et al. (2001) planting and harvesting of plants clearly was better planned if the long term weather patterns were predicted. In America, weather prediction was initially done by the Army Signal Corps starting in the 1870s. This service was later offered by Department of Agriculture and later by the U.S Weather Bureau that was established in 1920s. Radio broadcasts was the main way of announcing weather forecast. Use of Radar technology One of the technologies used to predict weather during the America Dust Bowl era was the radar. Following the Dust Bo wl, those involved in weather forecasting focused on the use to radar as a tool to predict weather. Though, radar has been developed to monitor enemy airplanes, it was discovered that the equipment gave better results from raindrops at a particular wavelengths. Thus, it became feasible to track and examine development of thunderstorms or heavy showers and also it was possible to â€Å"view† the precipitation composition of big storms. Indeed, as pointed out by Byers (1994) the Dust Bowl that were experienced were caused by a long drought that lasted about six years leaving the landscape with bear and when strong wind came, they easily gathered tones of dust resulting in this Dust Bowl. Thus, the radar was seen as a tool to forecast such severe weather disasters. Indeed, since the era, radar has developed in its meteorological use as a predicting tool. As Wigley (1985) remind us, nearly all tornadoes as well as harsh thunderstorms in America have been predicted using this long -established technology. Radar examination of development, movement and features of these kinds of storms offers hints of the level of the storms. However, current radars have improved technology of Doppler, which is move effective. According to Trihey and Campbell (1989) the Dust Bowl, that followed the very bad drought in the Midwest experience between 1930 and 1936, was a typical meteorological drought, meaning that it resulted mainly due to odd climate patterns. They further points out that these climate patterns were destructive in their rhythmic relentlessness. Meteorological Kites In early 1930, meteorological kites were used to in weather forecasting. The kites were used in the weather stations for weather observations, and also in examining the atmosphere to collect different information regarding the weather. The main instruments that were carried on the kite included those for measuring the wind velocity, temperatures, different humidity at different altitudes as well as the barometer that was used to measure pressure. Indeed, as observed by Williams (2001) during this era, the U.S Weather Bureau perfected the science of using the kite. Different sizes of kites were used according to their speed and how far they could go. Nonetheless, these kites had their